ξW(xu)|uǰ
l(f)rg:2020-06-17 Դ: ӛȫ c
ժҪ˞ȫ˼^о҇ĻϵµĵһƪՓЇĻRǧδ֮׃֡F(xin)W(xu)|u҇شӰ1860(w)\(yn)ӼSİվS¡ĩθĸo(j)Ļ30ć(ni)ɵļĻɴδ(zhn)еЇćHP(gun)ϵ͇֮ΈDʽĸ(ni)yֱĸ_ǰ120g4Aε׃wvĒʽՓwur϶˴еǰ90Ļںˏ|(zh)ƶ^ĻҎ(gu)uM(jn)^̺҇ĻϵM(jn)10شĻvʷ¼ocµurͬrK(lin)ģʽoc˸ָC˷NAɲ҇鵜LՓ̗l(qun)(gu)γˬF(xin)IJвĻy(tng)ĸҪKAȫď(f)d
P(gun)I~е(w) ƶ W(xu) h K(lin)ģʽ lڱ
һ ĻR(sh)ǧδ֮׃
ЇĻԴؕrT֪l(f)ՓY(ji)ؕI(xin)H϶ʥZyH׳ʐԴ˘(bio)־˫FҾeǕrFmȻcFѴͬ˵cʼM(jn)_AĻ֮ȺЇĻһW(xu)ӹcͬr֮ϣD˵ϰρ^֮oځyߺʴįԴxͷhڪδ֪˺֫HcYȼ֮(jng)ֲK(qun)Ļă(ni)ˣٌW(xu)Ļ\ϒ˂ԴpLQµЌƪ֮˽ʥmOsԸ
h(hun)ŕrԽ(jng);(qun)֮r(nng)m(yng)ȺӄǏ(qing)ߞЏ(qing){SȺw̖һ·Դ˞(j)˂cr(nng)r(jng)^зeҊSM҇L_(d)ǧx͵r(nng)ĻLrgI(lng)硣f_(d)ȝhƺ匢ҌW(xu)fĞ(qun)Ļϵy(tng)Ҳ^ݲ׃a(chn)ĻĂ˃rֵAȻܪ̎]h(hun)֮R؝hڱĻϵy(tng)Ȼm(x)(dng)o}
ƫƫr~̩(jng)ˇ(f)dڽ̸ˌWĻijԽߓP(yng)˱ɴ˂˃rֵƽۼ17o(j)Ӣγ½̵˼^߀c@µƶa(chn)ѸH(sh)ǰ߀ëѪUĿٿˬF(xin)(chung)˸r(nng)I(y)ĹI(y)֮£Ar(nng)I(y)İl(f)չ߀֪(ji)׃Qڼā́(yn)@ЩˮćQ(mo)Ăy(tng)ȻҪԭcЈͬr硣ڝM猤Ұl(f)չęC(j)͗lǴA]ʽĭh(hun)҇ă(ni)߅P(gun)ʹٰЇĹĻܵ_(zhn)R(sh)ǧδ֮׃֡1
r(nng)I(y)cI(y)ɷNĻgġǰߵӄ@Ҋ҇F(xin)@ӵBm(x)ӳ挦(qing)--^--ʧʹ--뵽D(qing)--^쌦֡ЈԴ---?gu)L---·---׃--- ̩֮^¡Ǹ---ҷ(chung)Ļ--׃Լаl(f)չ(ni)n---?fn)?--(ni)(zhn)(qun)---K(lin)O---v30꣬lڱ---ĸ_---ٴˌW(xu)ƼYg(sh)---(jng)(j)---H---\ͬl(f)չо·Dһ?q)W(xu)(x)r_ʼW(xu)|u ɷNĻڲƽؽгMۺͷ(f)P(gun)ϵɞ҇Ļl(f)չͣҪ
ĻƵ^ĝuײ
҇@150(ni)ЃɴC(j)M(jn)Ļ˼չ_Ļ@һϵy(tng)ǰʼĩֹĻ\(yn)һΰl(f)ܐڸĸ_֮Ʊrڣֹ20ǰLjL(fng)߾Д(sh)ʮ׃yTصĕrǰⵜԴڃ(ni)yΆʮ־oȵڴ֮
ԪrЇʽ(qun)ĻߵM^ƪõĻ(yu)ѽ(jng)̫^(qing)ͳ]Ѓ(ni)ƻ(qun)ĚvʷTԣԽW(xu)ČW(xu)ĘOˌưٌ҇W(xu)Ļĩ·]P(gun)i֮ߣıخ ĻʹAc^Ļ՝u˥mȻڿҫǬʢֻf݅gͻԼijоoҕĴԼӛ֮W(xu)vʷCԪ҇ϻl(f)չO?x)r@¶סWڴ˕rˇ(f)dڽ̸M(jn)˽Ŀ܇1689ӢġsĴ_ʹһΡ(sh)ٝɵġͷƵ(bio)־M(jn)ˬF(xin)@NͬڴǰĻϵy(tng)ľֲl(f)չd棬(bio)־ȼׅf(xi)ڷ֮µƶȣr(nng)ǰδ@NF(xin)Ч(yng)Ӱ˴낀S^ƶĻ(jng)^(sh)Č`zuɞһrֵgeneral value,Еrgrֵ
˼µa(chn)I(y)g(sh)ǕrѳԽɽl(f)չAĻԹԁиɽ|Rڵݷ]İȫh(hun)γɵĪĝhĻwϵ_ʼܵ(zhn)挦fδеĴ׃˲RoɺǣfԴ֪RӢʿҲͬŮ֪ڼȳͥ˥ڵxyo
ЇĻ_ʼڟocԒM(jn)W(xu)|uĚvɞ˺150Ļ
κԴ׳Lʢ[2]һ鸻(qing)_k(w)ҕO(sh)C(j)_úVFV܊܊УƸ⼮k(x)ɆTW(xu)˵ƁδǞW(xu)|uһAΣfwƃ(ni)M(jn)еĸĸM(jn)ͷġ漼ɡl(f)vr30(chung)̘҇I(y)ʹ҇M(jn)˟rҲʹ҇ĻcsС˲ҹ厧˽ĻڣTa(chn)I(lng)_˽̵Ⱥİl(f)չɛ]
(yn)[3]ȵڶĻӢʼ֪̩ԏ(qing)ԴֻhԺߡƷ䱾4Ҫʹ҇ƕr˸^vɄtĚvʷy(tng)ЧӢձʵֻxϵćԪײڑ֮ȏUֹ˾˼(qun)ܶŽ^JDλ ˽Ұļ҂Ӂyҿ֮;(qun)ɢƽ½MɵćƶcҎ(gu)t(ni)w(w)ڑ֮Ļh, h, xeP(gun)ƶĻ¸Դ˝u|A@Щ(bio)־҇ɹŴ~M(jn);M(jn)ƶĻQЇȡ˵ڶLM(jn)܌F(xin)t҇c(sh)l(f)_(d)ͬrSкN͔(sh)ʮ¹ԭă(ni)(zhn)
ϧ@δ_ĹϵćֻϤ(x)TǰԱijQĂy(tng)ĻоČ|(zh)ͱҪyܽ׃ĻӢԇD׃rֲOوg(sh)ԶF(xin)T˞ʧ`ڹĄ׃r͢(qun)F(tun)֞hhųⱾɽY(ji)ͬ˵όӌʿ֮ì^ֱָ(jng)(w)Ҳ֧׃Sµ̫HìU(ku)Լ{ֻǹwʵһҊ˂45ƷAC(sh)ʮ׃t?zhn)DŽ݆
MTͬʿӢL(fng)SHһһF(xin)ʧC(j)Ї·Ϳyʹ_ʼˡ
ǰffߌՓзԑĻW(xu)ĽǶ˼sՓC̫Ȍﮔ(dng)Ǹе䂀ߵλܵ{DSʿһζĚvʷӞ˸yͥδˏU£H(sh)꿵͵õˌʩЩ^֮1902tȫ_k͌W(xu)У1905U˿eصĸrxTW(xu)Hѽ(jng)D(zhun)ʮľe@So(j)ЇĵĻӢ͌W(xu)g(sh)I(lng)܊УY[5]Ī1908꡶JVƾ(qun)10l(qun)9l
ͬrQA(y)Б
ʡh^M
ЇĸĸھC(j)wƃ(ni)ߵͻfƣDZؽƶȵ߅@݅Ӣwr귽Ⱦ߂y(tng)ĻW(xu)LW(xu)ЌеµĻԸĘ(gu)AĻԺdĻ\(yn)H𗉡ʧȥ(chung)W(xu)[6]׃Ļy(tng)(bio)εġԽĻŬη֡[7]Ļ
W(xu)|uеĵtİ낀o(j)Ļں^RwõʽyԼQ׃y(tng)Ļ^͵ƶ@wČƵy(tng)ıY̺L(fng)M(jn)Ļġȼ^@һcW(xu)ġƽȡìܵĝhĻ(ni)ҵǧfexЇՈِm֮XͬԒּڸ׃҇ĻdwʽķʽͨڽmеĻxW(xu)ĸN˼͌W(xu)ڴǰķgm(x)ݔxĸڴgȽ(jng)ձĶg^ǕrĻĴp(sh)˵ćW(xu)ˮƽڴW(xu)ĻmW(xu)L(ni)֪֮δּy⎧мW(xu)õČcӡһrgoxа˼_(d)x˼H¶Ƴ磬gʮҹhg˼^Tо8һ100NƺȻƌW(xu)Ľ(jng)gģ9_Ї˵ҕҰĘ(gu)ЇĻJ(rn)ЇĽǽgķʽl(f)չ
gı|(zh)njɷNZԵͱ_(d)ʽD(zhun)Q횜(zhn)_FD(zhun)Qʽ(w)N_(d)ơǰˌcĸZȫͬNϵĻǷijЩȫµP(gun)I~ZRаʇĻÓxԭĵZZ_(d)eHһYP(gun)ּĽ(jng)еP(gun)I~ZһNµĻ(do)҇Ŀ(bio)ret֮ʧ֮ǧ
͵`gƽȡcƽȸ⣬߀Сa(chn)hԡǾĿ̖Workers of all countries,unitedegǚvʷz@(jng)gǼM(jn)ĸh(zh)(j)gƬĶgȫĵg顰ȫoa(chn)(lin)ڵĺӢıR̵ԭǡĄڄ(lin)g@Ȼڄߡ`ˡoa(chn)ߡ@N`gԴڌĻ^ⲻZԱ@ڄߡcoa(chn)ߡă(ni)eĻ@ɂͬڄ߷ָ{(ln)I(lng)ͰI(lng)Юa(chn)Aͨoa(chn)Aproletaira_еQġoѝÝhһåoa(chn)ؤoهڝhж߅^(q)e@ֻؚ҇ɘOȱЮa(chn)A(x)r(nng)I(y)߶ڄӣڄ߅s]҇y(tng)ĻеҶ]лĻġx]γɴR;C(j)෴ؚIؚ]סrלSؤ(c̎xһ)
γ҇߅IؚλһwY(ji)췴Īؚvʷƽƕr(do)mپӢısؚI@˾мȟoa(chn)ҲڄBcR˼fĄڄǰ݅g߂Һҕ@c̖geʹ҇ʮĿ(bio)l(f)ƫֱӌ(do)ĮҕҕЮa(chn)A֪R@ɿ(wn)Ⱥ߀ɴˮa(chn)ˇh˵IJg(sh)ԵķLڵĘO˼ߌ(do)ɴΰ(jng)(j)Ƶ˱߅ԵåRҷeyʹĸ_DyxνO(sh)P(gun)
Ƶ`g߀^˾еġ㌏F(tun)g(sh)ZֲֻܸcrM(jn)ӗlr횽(jng)ăɕ75%hT75%hppͨ^һla(b)䰸ӵėl˷Q֮顰a(b)AmendmentreviesedӢZУa(b)Nķʽmendһ~ĸrevisegĻgeegʹ`Ԟƶ˵һđ˶кβ҇lޑÿÿԭe҇ę(qun)߀Ӣ˾еjuryǬF(xin)gġ㌏F(tun)Ӻhͥ永Пop̎PͷһһƱQ(qun)䌍ģЈF(tun)ԷQ֮顱㌏?geЇаÆһ˪뮔(dng)Ȼ˞Ҳˣֻr`g׃ӢͥԱQijwЛQČ|(zh)ЇپЪеɶЇF(xin)˾(do);o˾ĸͽϵKP߈(zh)Pg30֪gdҲ`eggҊʹgĻҲ̎̎ȻŇĻ뮔(dng)ȻTɴe
a(chn)ʮo(j)˼зcM(jn)δ(jng)vʷcһҲˇ(f)dԁĻy(tng)@NcM(jn)˼mo(j)҇ĻӢзЇĻҪڱJ(rn)ͬHе, ߀O(sh)҇δ(bio)
ڱrΨһ˿y(tng)(ni)l(f)\(yn)˺cν(jng)(j)}SҪ_ʼLjy(tng)Ļ^ϵy(tng)Ć\(yn)ԻSĻxͣDAĻď(f)d@ӵͣD͔Ѵ_˂æĻ(qun)ĸ(jng)(j)oϾrֵwϵĸ׃@һӆ}@rӢ(jng)ڣġM(jn)\(yn)ӡprogressive movementc_˹(new deals)r_T෨ì{(dio)˄YP(gun)ϵČŝuڅƽ͡Ӱ낀o(j)֮õǷNȺwķѺͱּļM(jn)˼ͽMuʧչAĻȦĹI(y)õm(x)҇һĻєѣⲿش׃ѲٞЇĻӢP(gun)עҷ]҇¸ƳɹI(lng)fĻKڌOɽġy(tng)һY܊,Ӗ(xn),ľ·D͡һxһhһI(lng)[9]Ăy(tng)ģʽЇvʷ_ʼһܶ(f)ʼĸijQòM(jn)(zhn)r҇һΌ(ni)ĸ_ŵĴĻʹ¡oЇM(jn)W(xu)|uг̾ʹֹ
ʮo(j)ڵo(j)~90҇W(xu)|uĵһAǰrڽ(jng)^˵Ċ^Qvдԉm^uҊҊǡԞwϿl(f)չҲHɹ
, ʹЇĻD(zhun)ƶó̳ҊЇ|(zh)ɂǰ嶼LM(jn)ăɷNĻҎ(gu)Ɂν(jng)vĻ, ƶĻ, ^ĻM(jn)ĻB(ti)_黱çһʹJ(rn)R҇ԝhr(nng)Դ^Ļɵr(nng)I(y)(jng)ͬϵ^зeɵĂy(tng)ĻW(xu)(x)@NĻXѳĸO˕rڰ׃ʼKõhɵJ(rn)ͬmȻ@ӢĻϵx_µ(bio)ϴģcƫĻЧ(yng)ֻThِĻ^w߀OЇB(ti)h(hun)̫^ֲĻNϵ˱Ļď(qing)ųcơ㏊(qing)֮ǡֲ˻҇еc(qun)Ăy(tng)I(y)a(chn)׃˹k̺kć.ǷNϣFƽAׅf(xi)ĸˢǵĻԲOSIJϧݚa(chn)Ա(qun)ȡ֮Ăy(tng)Rښvʷ^̎L(fng)
19081916g҇һȳF(xin)εC(j)Ϻ(yn)߀ЌOSҊҊպܳɞйhTėȶDԬPQۡǰV͢Čƶdzڌwͷe˳Ұӑһt˿ھƾ֪w֮ʹnjnjзČ|(zh)J(rn)RȜ\(dng)ȻԬmSĸ˅Lc볯(zhn)Сվһ·{ҡϵλ^(jng)v̈́ɱԸܑ̓ԹžypҎ(gu)tҰoԵЇעˮ(dng)rʩεDyձξSܳЃcc҇ͬһ(qing)Ļ(qing)ʵę(qun)h(yun)Їʵ˼^wϵĴһy(tng)ڶձM(jn)롰mW(xu)r[7]r]зЧЇwáģʽԡÓW(bio)]҇h@NҞĺrڡıخĻY(ji)̫ԹžW(xu)(x)ĻđB(ti)^_õľȫW(xu)ʵcЇ˲ͬ\֮ģӢ˲J(rn)ƵòʴWތW(xu)(x)rӢׄ(chung)ľwλ(qun)whTxw˺VŌĻ
W(xu)ĻɵĔ
ͬһĻϵy(tng)У^y(tng)cy(tng)֮gϴڛ_ͻĻ^_ͬģt㲻ܻm(yng)Lڹ̎һġߡ(q)ʹӶԷ³ɺ܄(chung)ƶ֮١@ͬһNĻϵy(tng)o(qing)ߵľ䌍(dng)rЇcɷNʽyڽy(tng)һę(qun)ܱ˺֮ʸɾӢԵαؓ(f)չ_(ni)(qun)RÑ{vʷTꐄمǏVֱP(yng)ײϧݚa(chn)ͬijQĻԲ׃ĵĹȦ?sh)һ?jng)DЇĻĿ(bio)ĻӢܿͱһ(w)ξӢȡ
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猢һӢOSȞڶYëȵӢЃɂĻֲڹʇČĻW(xu)W(xu)y(tng)ĻзyԽ
¸ƵyԴ_µĿ(bio)Rܡеt^֧ԼM(jn)xܞ(w)d҇ͬČW(xu)Ͽ͵Ļڂy(tng)ĻПo˻ȱAՓcЇĻ̫ɼҷƻؚwν(jng)^ǂ@һӢ˼ؚwձģʽ
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Zw\ᘌǴǡ߸ǧ(yng)ʹÕrӢZĪӢӹ֮ƫ(zh)һһζԒHW(xu)ϵG֮I߀(sh)˲RӛʹʧӰKֹAĂУصӡfHǕrֵAĻD(zhun)·t̽ǰo˵ĵ·(f)srgoĻF(xin)ƫȻzoɺǰεĻɵôʧֻǚvʷKδȫ@ɴˡ
K(lin)Ļv.
(zhn)rHσɷNRΑB(ti)ıЇM(jn)o(j)кڣ{(zhn)ĵĽζԹSëһf(xi)hK(lin)һ߅[10]ǰֲ҇Ļ(dng)^wϵy(tng)(q)Ǖr_ŵij̶ȿǰӴֻl(f)_(d)׃ֻѪͬK(lin)Ҫ¶هK(lin)ָ(do)˹֕rĂ˳ݡؑ(zhn)öӋ(jng)(j)Ƚ̗lģʽȫPֲЇ(qun)QԭM顰AKSxֱ_ǰϦf(xi)̕r(jng)҇һΌW(xu)TʿhF(xin)ɴ˿֪(dng)rľӢ͡w֮oJ(rn)RԞK(lin)ģʽҲ
@Nģ֮_֮mFѬ֚Wڽ̸Ă˱λεǰ100ε`frWĹ^⽨wȻĴɴ֑(fears)һǺڡ´ꑡF(xin)뼯(qun)ʧѽ(jng)ʩһʮĵطΙ(qun)Ǽ(qun)F(xin)ʽ(qing)˶γɂ˪ѭˡ(sh)ٝɡ11ԭt(chung)˹͵ćw(dng)rԓúηNwҲ(jng)^ʮ(lin)Ƶ_ڃɂֺ֑(qun)ҵƽcáƺ⡱ՓČW(xu)Է֙(qun)ԭty(tng)һĴ͵ط(lin)ݸԼę(qun)γɹ(qun)p܉Ž^뼯(qun)_εƶwϵQ˵һ֑ͬrę(qun)һ֞˾ϵy(tng)(qun)Č|(zh)ÿϵy(tng)иԪę(qun)ÿϵy(tng)ę(qun)ܳ^ϵy(tng)κϵy(tng)ֹϵy(tng)`Оƺķʽֹ˪Qĵڶ֑(chung)һµwʽԳđʽ̶Ķl(f)չһƽ͇w鱣C(qun)O(sh)˃ɵITʹćLξðЇĻcϡĻءc@Ȼ@NՓc`Ļy(tng)yԞϲôһy(tng)˽
o(j)҇^_ƵĻ(bio)߀ijɹĚvʷC(j)vʷzɽú]y(tng)ĻUƵľӢ˼̫һ˂y(tng)Ļď(f)w֮;oż(c̎xһ)
췴rMǻҪfȼϵy(tng)ÄٺԼӸߵAӺXЇ@ͦá־hâ׃K(lin)RΑB(ti)֧]ԭM(jn)Ļһų҂ָ(do)˼RxҲĻ, AW(xu)fcҵȼ^͌ՓcЇľƺr(nng)ƵĂy(tng)Ļϵy(tng)ġƽȲۡ^돈֮fġwξӢĺ͏UfY̵ҕ鷴⽨ѹʇĻСеٺͱĂy(tng)һԪărֵ^顰ЌW(xu)ıw^вl(f)չѽ־ʿĺԸ(f)K(lin)Ļ@NwýY(ji)ЇF(xin)һcЇy(tng)ĻĻͬĿ(bio)K(lin)ϴĽ҂uγһNµIJвĻy(tng)
K(lin)Ļ҇ʮgγɵB(ti)ȦcеĻ^
ɏһLɘȍu˹ϳʮfh(yun).݆
1952Ժϵ{(dio)W(xu)K(lin)B(yng)ŵģʽڽڞoa(chn)Aη(w)ca(chn)ڄY(ji)B(yng)fЌW(xu)
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L(fng)סӸ׆hܡWꖺ
ČW(xu)AΒ쎛˽
y(tng)ُy(tng)NYϰK(lin)ķ䷽ʽl(xing)Ԫч˷֞ɷNԇҼZľÿ¼Zʳʮ߽ʳăƷăǶɣ
ʳr(nng)ZĴto˷ָ(bio)ȫD^Zϲ˜yrڡ˿ڽǧf˂ϡˮ˴ˡW(xu)(x)˯ݽY(ji)ϣÿ˾l(f)Ʊųһɶp¾{ƱُI^װ㟟Ʊ
h(ni)Џ]ɽhǧ˴
ȫW(xu)܊5.16֪ͨˌʮȫtl(wi)(lin)fпëϯğoa(chn)A˾YһL(fng)췴ɈһՓoa(chn)Al^m(x)ľW(xu)f۟oy(tng)h(yun)Ŵh֧܊(lin)˽ޡ|t푏ȫɽһƬt֪Rꡢɽl(xing)߸У˃|ݰ˃|˂ӰꡢA΄ݴСԽԽáˎ͡ĸٷļfѵ˽(jng)(j)߅
ĸ_źŻXз(sh), СѰl(f)չʮ
30҇ɲǰF(tun)Y(ji)Cl(f)չʶdAB(ti)ֻگLn(zhn)Խ(zhn)(ni)Aҿo˼RAҕĻҕԶ˞Hԁy·o(j)ʮĻ@ߍѵȾՓþcʩֱƽʥM(jn)И17и˾Ŵ\(yn)tljоԾʾ֪RL(fng)\(yn)CѸĐͽL(fng)ͽԪ(lin)ܓP(yng)ܵĻ˴TH
ܶӻƵ(w)ëҕ顰ðM(jn)͇֮λcϿcʩԴ˺ಽڅ[12]L
(dng)ëɖ|˙(qun)u֮r,1956K(lin)͖|W˳1957δȾI䱾˷Q֮顰\ķҴW(wng)²x_¡rƽ\(yn)ӵĽMߺյķYѡTࡱʿʮf֪RӱMW(wng)
侮ʯʷϵо(c)Ĵ˺hĻʿs֪RӵĪ˸ԱMʧʼʼwoR
1959꣬]ɽhͻ׃܊RһنTأоxӰжU֮L(fng)ë^ďJڡ]ɽho(j)һгʹf,h(ni)c֪Դ˱ժ
Ĵ׃ĸ
҇o(j)ʮ~_ëϯ뱧h(ni)ǧ˴pZ3t˵ɵȫԼpԼta(b)(ni)±ʾwͬr_ʼһI(lng)(do)Ŀ鮐Iʹ֮ʧ֮1964\(yn)gֱԪλߙ(qun)@, (zhn)Iȫ˳ݵĿՇ
˹֮(dng)邀˼(qun)C֮һKίTK܊I(lng)҇ĸЃλԪ70λ_܊m178λ˴ίTԡͬȔ(sh)Ŀ췴^M(jn)hˡëϯğoa(chn)A˾ҦԪġuT١5.16֪ͨ_Ļꐲ_(d)һġMһţl(f)Ay(tng)Yf߳Ļ
tl(wi)ǰ_˵һɡдol(f)o족ļʽǡDZP_ǰĻ@NʧԵġoηKڏҕĻߵ˴ݚĻ
1966ꡰ818_ʼ찲T8νҊtl(wi)ͬr߄˴BԔyhĽMC(j)(gu)h(ni)ɲ
19671ĵġһL(fng)_ʼ췴ɊZ(qun)
İ˂Ӱ˃|˳˰꣨߀ϲg͑
ɈһՓ{(dio)DzȫԴ˱_(d)Oָ
ʮ겻_h,ʮ겻ӹY
W(xu)ͣk1968һW(xu)(q)ȥV
иɲУ
͇̓B͇ϯҲĩܱȫ@λӰrëI(xin)ٳëh(ni)ߟoϵĂ˙(qun)ڷI(lng)(do)Ķֵ^ʳKڳ˚_Ĺ»ĄZЄfԒę(qun)ֱ{ĶֻǕhI(lng)䡰Ȧ醡ļɿݛՓ͈(zh)߂˺֡(j)fһ挦Ⱥߕr҇ǡ^ǧxҲ]fﰣɑz@͇ĵһȻ](jng)κΌгԪzwĵӛľȻ܊ˣoI(y)mu, ˷
ʮǰa(chn)ԭTӵľ҇؝hԁeγɵҾ(qun)ˌơȼƵȂy(tng)ĻĻ]и׃(qun)Ļ^ٹKƵΨһ׃ëϯĂ־c(qun)ŵĹh(hun)ʹ˼o֮Խڑh֮˲ٿؽMӋe˶لȯֹ(qun)ݲʧ߲һ߿I(xin)ĵÌҳūџo֣Σw֮ʧ^֮`IJٿw֮ʹ֮ʹh֮ʹQǂкÉĵıϲ
cǬF(xin)ЇһŵεČ(dng)r҇F(xin)I(y)̿ƕQһۺ҇һ⽨ѱƷ(qun).J(rn)ѸKY(ji)ʮT錢܊(q)峯d۳mʮĩ@λĩꖹʌm(jng)(zhn)ID(zhun)ꖑ(zhn)I1959걻ëɞ鹫ٶӾ(dng)귴⽨ëϽ.߃xĂ\(yn)Qλ݆ˇ\(yn)֮ʹʷR,ͽĸﲩ^낀o(j)ڕrfԒDZĉ̩İϴԣҲӳż(sh)ǰȰ`ǰ¡\ĉ̩@һһЦԷǡ
Q҇Ļ܉EL(fng)HF(xin)Ї鵜Kң턓(chung)ʹĪ^ʮ(ni)yˌǡ᠖sֻoՄЦgz˚vʷν⣬µć
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(1). 塷 ЇʷYϡ1980 A
(2)ã֮ʢӑ
(3)О飬(yn)(f)
(4)mꐪѸYʯ
(5)ЇʷYϡ ЇƌW(xu)Ժ܌W(xu)W(xu)vʷо 1978
(6)[12]Peter Watson An Intellectual History of the 20th century Harper Collins Publishers 2006
7ձξSǰmӰ푌W(xu)(x)WĻʷQmW(xu)r
8uh(hun) ӰЇ100NgЇⷭg湫˾ 1996
910ëɖ| ȫf(xi)һһȫwϵvԒ
11John Locke On government Peoples History Oxford University Press 1955
12ָӻơ
13J]ɽho(j)
The Index of the Beginning of the Process of the Western Culture Draw Into China ,1860-1980
Song Chun-chien
Key words:Westernization production Democratic system New learning
And Con-Confucianism Revolution lead by two parties Culture of mod of
Soviet Union
It is the 1st macro study on the society and the culture of contemporary China. From very beginning of the terrible changes of the situation of Chinese ancient culture facing the western culture from the European countries entering into China gradually and gave much influence to it .Many historical events such as Westernization Movement in 1860s ,the political reformation at the late of Qing government,New Culture Movement civil wars and the relationship between Komingtang and CPCtill the Proletarian revolution are mentioned and analysed.Affirmimg the melting process of the two kinds of cultures from the goods and materials, systems and social ideology step by step. Pointing out the Social Fascism from S.U.has just been a root of troubles for Chinese society more than 30 years and resistance for the reformation and obstruction at present.
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