,҇(gu)W(xu)縯оĬF(xin)
l(f)r(sh)g:2020-06-04 (li)Դ: ӛȫ c(din)
corruptionһNȫԵ(hu)F(xin)g(gu)(qun)A(ch)K(jng)(j)l(f)չӰ푱鼰(hu)ĸ(g)I(lng)Ї(gu)ĬF(xin)(sh)r(li)(yn)ص(du)Ƅ(dng)(jng)(j)l(f)չŬ̼̓ٷsġĭ(jng)(j)ŤЈ(chng)(jng)(zhng)ͮa(chn)(qun)ƶȣ(do)·䲻cC(j)(hu)
g(gu)ҵwϵ(do)I(lng)(do)͛Qߵw׃Լ(gu)c(qun)
(hu)L(fng)͵ˮƽl(f)YԴM(fi)(hu)(dng)C(j)Ƶ׃g(hu)MĻΰl(f)չ(hu)o(w)[1](wn)}҇(gu)F(xin)AҪQش(wn)}
ĸ_ԁ(li)P(gun)TķeOcʹ֧£(gu)(ni)W(xu)猦(du)ڸоSW(xu)߂քeĸԵČW(xu)g(sh)l(f)òͬķͷʽо(wn)}l(f)˴ՓġĿǰW(xu)猦(du)оF(xin)M(jn)Ќ(sh)Cȫ濂Y(ji)Ĺδչ_ӳ@YҲ܅TڬF(xin)܉ṩоĻA(ch)Y_F(xin)Aεоrcˮƽоᘌ(du)(qing)оȺĿǰоF(xin)ĻA(ch)ռ(gu)(ni)W(xu)猦(du)ооɹϵy(tng)Y(ji)оc(din)^оĴچ(wn)}ͳɞM(jn)һоҪ΄(w)
ԇ(gu)(ni)ҪW(xu)ڿϰl(f)ČW(xu)g(sh)ՓĞ錦(du)ͨ^(gu)оx}оо;Ľy(tng)Ӌ(j)(du)Ї(gu)W(xu)磨W(xu)ՓČW(xu)ߣĸоF(xin)M(jn)Ќ(sh)Cᘌ(du)Ķx팦(du)M(jn)^c(din)CڞĸоṩA(ch)YϣƄ(dng)оĿvl(f)չ
1о˼·
1.1о(du)x
W(xu)g(sh)озоF(xin)ķܶ࣬оɹ^ЧһNڷӳоɹՓĔ(sh)(du)оɹM(jn)зDzܵxW(xu)g(sh)Փо(du)Ҫǻc(din)1W(xu)g(sh)ՓĚv(li)J(rn)ܷӳW(xu)g(sh)ɹоʽҲwF(xin)оߵČW(xu)g(sh)ˮƽ
2cоɹʽW(xu)g(sh)Փڄ(chung)·Ҫ^ߣr(sh)Ч^(qing)ܷӳW(xu)оF(xin)
3SӈD^ڿ(sh)(j)(k)ijF(xin)W(xu)g(sh)Փĵռ^֮ʽӱ
Ŀǰ҇(gu)W(xu)ČW(xu)g(sh)ՓҪЇ(gu)W(xu)(hu)kġЇ(gu)s־W(xu)Ժϵy(tng)ߵԺУϵy(tng)ČW(xu)(bo)(hu)ƌW(xu)Ժϵy(tng)ČW(xu)g(sh)ڿ(j)(gu)(ni)W(xu)ձJ(rn)ɳ̶Ⱥ˴(f)ӡYϵD(zhun)dаx199720037°l(f)ڡЇ(gu)ΌW(xu)о(gu)W(xu)ԺW(xu)(bo)ȇ(gu)(ni)ҪW(xu)g(sh)ڿ148ƪՓM(jn)зy(tng)Ӌ(j)ՓĵľwֲǣΌW(xu)о8ƪЇ(gu)12ƪ(gu)W(xu)ԺW(xu)(bo)7ƪW(xu)ԺW(xu)(bo)6ƪҕҰ4ƪW(xu)ԺW(xu)(bo)3ƪV|W(xu)ԺW(xu)(bo)9ƪ˴(f)ӡYD(zhun)dW(xu)ՓcĸW(xu)g(sh)ڿϵ99ƪW(xu)g(sh)Փġ
1.2оx}ķ
о?j)?ni)ݱ^_ҪĶxΣ팦(du)ߵȵĸ(j)(gu)(ni)W(xu)ߵоɹоI(lng)֞飺Փо
(dng)Ї(gu)ķ(sh)`
WTOcЇ(gu)ķ
I(y)I(lng)ķ
c(wn)}P(gun)ϵ
(gu)Һ͵^(q)Ľ(jng)(yn)(g)иՓcоք֞飺P(gun)Ľ綨
(wn)}о
ij
Ӱ
ĬF(xin)
팦(du)
(du)h(hun)(ji)ľC
Ї(gu)ŴcՓc(sh)`
(dng)Ї(gu)I(lng)(do)˵ķ˼9(g)ͨ^(gu)y(tng)Ӌ(j)Čwоx}׃wֲr
1.3оо;ķ
Ŀwρ(li)f(shu)(hu)оһ(g)ͬӴκͷľCwϵ@һwϵа(ni)ĸ(g)֮gҲoܵă(ni)(lin)ϵͨv(hu)оķwϵɷ֞(g)ͬIJֻ?q)ӴՓоʽwg(sh)Փ漰Ҫ(hu)о^(gu)̵߉о܌W(xu)A(ch)cоʽ֮gP(gun)ϵȞСͬķՓ^c(din)HӰоߌ(du)о(wn)}xͬr(sh)ֱӰоʽx(sh)CxՓ(hu)оͨ{(dio)о(sh)(yn)оԼīI(xin)оķʽF(xin)оҎ(gu)ԡ_^xՓоt(jng)زÌ(sh)оͶԵīI(xin)оʽF(xin)о^(gu)̵^ԡ?c)о˼·Ͳϸهоߵ^w(yn)ϸоߵąc͌(du)龰ķ[2]wg(sh)ָYϵռֶλ
оָڶ(g)ķоʽָоȡľwʽw؞оȫ^(gu)̵ijͲʽоҪֶκͲE[3]Čоʽ֞{(dio)о(sh)(yn)о(sh)оīI(xin)оķN{(dio)оĻҪذ(wn)y(tng)Ӌ(j)P(gun)P(gun)ϵ
(sh)(yn)оĘ(gu)Ҫذٿvcơ(sh)(yn)MƽMǰy(c)y(c)(sh)(yn)̼P(gun)ϵ
(sh)оc^졢оߵĽɫͶ⡢Փ{(dio)о͌(sh)(yn)оڶо(sh)оtڶо(j)о|(zh)īI(xin)оҲԷ֞鶨оͶоcx}PҲоʽȵ׃M(jn)п
оW(xu)g(sh)ď(f)sW(xu)ߌ(du)a(chn)ĸԴΣ(du)ߵȆ(wn)}˸Բͬ^c(din)帯оČW(xu)g(sh)ͨ^(gu)@ЩՓıF(xin)(li)ČW(xu)(li)о;y(tng)Ӌ(j)о;wW(xu)ΌW(xu)(jng)(j)W(xu)ĻW(xu)(hu)W(xu)ʷW(xu)ȶ(g)W(xu)ƽǶȡ
2 P(gun)ڸоF(xin)Č(sh)C
2.1оx}ķ
ı1Ľy(tng)Ӌ(j)ρ(li)Ŀǰx}ҪڸՓо@һeϣЌW(xu)̽ӑĆ(wn)}Ǹl(f)ԭ͌(du)о@ɂ(g)(wn)}ՓĔ(sh)ռՓĿ(sh)ļs54(du)h(hun)(ji)ľCՓ漰оI(lng)eքeֻռw610ͬr(sh)̽ӑ(wn)}оĬF(xin)ͬF(xin)(sh)Ӱ푵ՓĺӋ(j)ռՓĿ(sh)5ռՓо@һe8@һ淴ӳˌW(xu)ߌ(du)ڸF(xin)(sh)(qing)P(gun)עՓҳQ֮һҲӳˌW(xu)ڸо^(gu)жעؑ(yng)Ȼо(du)Č(sh)HrȱҪķӋ(j)
1F(xin)оՓĵx}y(tng)Ӌ(j)()
WTOcЇ(gu)ķ@һe3ƪM(jn)ՓҪ̽ӑWTOQ(mo)Ҏ(gu)tȌ(du)Ї(gu)ƼsоҕDZ^MխȱqCЇ(gu)ĬF(xin)(sh)l(f)չ?fn)r(li)@(g)e(du)Ї(gu)ĸĸ﷽ƶ׃wa(chn)(sh)HӰҪӴεھc
̽ӑI(y)I(lng)ĸԼ^췴ՓھwI(lng)Ќ(sh)\(yn)Ҳֻ࣬ռՓĿ(sh)6@Ҳӳ(dng)ǰĸо˶Փ̽ӑOP(gun)עՓڌ(sh)`е
(du)Ї(gu)Ŵ˼ԼҪI(lng)(do)˵ķ˼M(jn)Кw{Փ@ՓĺӋ(j)ռ(sh)1@16ƪmȻѽ(jng)漰ŴҪ˼ҺЇ(gu)(dng)I(lng)(do)ˣȱ(yn)Փwϵ(wn)}P(gun)ϵҲW(xu)ߵע⣬@Ҳռ˿w6(hu)ķߝqr£оc(wn)}P(gun)ϵ(hu)r(ji)ҲnjW(xu)߱挦(du)ĬF(xin)(sh)(wn)}֮һ
2.2оʽо;ķy(tng)Ӌ(j)
ı2пԿĿǰ҇(gu)W(xu)ĸоwF(xin)c(din)һоYϵī@ȡʽϣīI(xin)ռ(j)^(du)wλ@һՓĎռy(tng)Ӌ(j)(sh)ȫ{(dio)鷨(sh)(yn)(sh)оȷՓĄt]СڷīI(xin)оеĶֻռ8.612ƪǶtռ^(du)(yu)(sh)_(d)91.4127ƪīI(xin)оʽĶ?j)ɷN(gu)ɮ(dng)ǰоҪо
2оՓĵо
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Ӌ(j)
{(dio)о 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(sh)(yn) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
(sh)о 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
īI(xin) 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 12
о Ƕ 19 10 22 20 19 27 10 127
Ӌ(j)(sh) 21 12 23 22 22 29 11 139
Ľy(tng)Ӌ(j)Ęӱ(li)öīI(xin)оҲnj(du)ٷy(tng)Ӌ(j)Yϵķ͌(du)C(j)(gu)c(g)ԭʼ(sh)(j)Ķηͨ^(gu)(sh)H{(dio)Á(li)һYϺ@Ҳӳ(sh)CоYѼһЩy
о;(li)оϸw(hu)(sh)W(xu)ơıзӳ(li)څ(sh)ǣо;(do)uĂy(tng)ΌW(xu)ʷW(xu)W(xu)(jng)(j)W(xu)W(xu)(hu)W(xu);CϵĽǶ^(gu)ɣ(jng)(j)W(xu)ɞ鮔(dng)ǰʹоʽ@ԏĽy(tng)Ӌ(j)(sh)ϿW(xu)ͽ(jng)(j)W(xu)о;ռ˽y(tng)Ӌ(j)(sh)32ϾCϵ26(sh)Hռ˽60ΌW(xu)W(xu)ʷW(xu)Ƕȁ(li)ՓՓăHռ(sh)32W(xu)ǶȥоՓģ(g)ՓĘӱgҲռஔ(dng)?sh)IJ֣?3ңҪ̽ӑɫλܵȆ(wn)}оČW(xu)߅څ(sh)Ҳ@(hu)W(xu)(hu)W(xu)W(xu);ȥUጸČW(xu)Ҳքeռ˿(sh)264
3о;ķy(tng)Ӌ(j)
; 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Ӌ(j)
W(xu) 4 1 2 3 2 6 1 19
(hu)W(xu) 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 3
(jng)(j)W(xu) 4 4 1 2 5 8 1 25
ΌW(xu) 2 2 11 5 3 0 1 24
ĻW(xu) 1 0 2 2 2 1 1 9
W(xu) 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 8
(hu)W(xu) 2 1 0 1 1 2 1 8
ʷW(xu) 1 0 2 0 2 5 2 12
3 Ї(gu)W(xu)猦(du)о^c(din)C
(c(din)̎xһ(y))
3.1P(gun)ڸĶx
ĶxS(g)W(xu)ߵČW(xu)g(sh)оǶȵIJͬڸ(g)I(y)綨ɂ(g)ͬĸ
(jng)(j)W(xu)߬F(xin)AζAڏČĽǶȷָͨ(hu)зa(chn)Ե(jng)(j)Ļ(dng)ǾSo(h)ȵý(jng)(j)?q)ȵM(jn)ٷķa(chn)Ի(dng)[4](du)ڽ(jng)(j)(dng)˶^͵VTɱ@ȡ^ߵ߳~(rn)@N(dng)Ƿa(chn)Եֱ(rn)(du)نT\(yn)Լе(qun)(li)\ȡ˽˽(jng)(j)[5]Փ硰Խ(jng)o(j)ˡO(sh)Փί-ՓҲǽ(jng)(j)W(xu)оҪʽ
ΌW(xu)DĂy(tng)Ĺ(qun)c˽ĽQǶȁ(li)xJ(rn)飬^ָ(gu)ҹˆTEù(qun)\ȡ˽О飬䌍(sh)|(zh)ԙ(qun)\˽(qun)ǸĺĆ(wn)}[6]еČW(xu)J(rn)ΌW(xu)ĽǶvѸx鹫(qun)w(qun)`(hu)Ҏ(gu)ͨ^(gu)NҎ(gu)ֶ\ȡ˽(g)ˡСF(tun)棩ОͬF(xin)wǹ(qun)w
F(xin)`ͱ(qun)Ҏ(gu)Ҏ(gu)t
\ȡ(dng)?sh)˽[6]
P(gun)עČW(xu)ОˆTػߞE(qun)
κˣˆT܌(do)¹ˆTػ?yn)E(qun)
κˣˆTГpڹ(w)cTpVTʧȷVеһ
ˆTǰˆTʧڹ
߹ˆTǰ(w)ˆTEڈ(zh)й(w)r(sh)õϢY[7]
еČW(xu)߿ˏāʿԁ(li)P(gun)ڸĶx(du)NģʽԹ(w)Ј(chng)ԹĵģʽM(jn)˷J(rn)Nģʽc(din)ͬйͬҪc(din)wنTʽǞEù(qun)Ŀ\ȡ(g)˽[8]
eЇ(gu)W(xu)^дԵһЩx@ЩͬĶxֲڌW(xu)߱оIJͬr(sh)(do)˸оY(ji)IJe
3.2 ķ
ژ(bio)(zhn)ͬķַҲͬ(du)D(zhun)Ї(gu)θͺͳ̶M(jn)пƌW(xu)Ąֺ͜y(c)҂?ni)J(rn)R(sh)ͰD(zhun)θ׃څ(sh)[9]
4Ї(gu)D(zhun)θ̈́
(j) w
Оw|(zh)͔(sh) (g)w Ⱥw
ОwČӼ(j)ֲ Ӹ ЌӸ ߌӸ
ОĶl(f)I(lng)T (jng)(j)I(lng) κ (hu)I(lng)
ОĄ(dng)C(j) Ը ˽ Ը
ОƶԳ y(tng) ^(gu) F(xin)
pr
О p һ㸯
˂(du)ڸО̶̳ ɫ ɫ ɫ
@Nַʽă(yu)c(din)ǣڲͬ(bio)(zhn)ֵĸͱ^ȫԔ(x)ܻwF(xin)AεĸО顣(wn)}ڣ1ijЩָĘ(bio)(zhn)^ģ]пɲĶx猦(du)ڸֵɷNʽȱĘ(bio)(zhn)
2]иwĿr(du)ijЩ͵Ąк(jin)λͽăA
3.3ij
vʷW(xu)Һͽ(dng)I(lng)(do)˶(hu)vʷԭ(li)(li)Ѹԭwڷ⽨̈́A(j)f^L(zhng)(g)ˌࡢΨHͷ⽨ڷ^J(rn)@ҲȺwγɵĚvʷcJ(rn)R(sh)ՓԴЈ(chng)(jng)(j)Ľ_Ŵě_Yx˼ݽx혷x(g)xȵR(sh)ӿg˲نTTl(f)丯О顣
н(jng)(j)W(xu)(hu)y(tng)Ӌ(j)W(xu)ՓČW(xu)a(chn)(hu)(jng)(j)h(hun)J(rn)齛(jng)(j)wƏӋ(j)(jng)(j)Ј(chng)(jng)(j)D(zhun)͌(do)¸еČW(xu)(du)Ј(chng)ĸA(y)(do)⼰Ⱶ^c(din)J(rn)錤(dng)c(du)Ј(chng)^(gu)ȸA(y)oP(gun)]^(gu)ȸA(y)]@һA(y)ṩŔλo(w)[10]@ҪǽbČՓxՓƶxһЩ
(hu)W(xu)Ҷٝͬ͢Dġ׃(hu)еU^c(din)J(rn)F(xin)^(gu)̌(do)¸F(xin)(li)r(ji)ֵc^.cy(tng)(hu)^ͬڂy(tng)±J(rn)Ȼµĭh(hun)tS⽨ļ(sh)@ʹøµĚvʷl´ӣ
F(xin)_һЩµؔ(ci)ԴȪ͙(qun)ʹdĽ(jng)(j)(sh)ԇDҵ䑪(yng)еλãĶTl(f)γ
ٴF(xin)^(gu)@ɹI(lng)ɿƵYԴȂy(tng)(hu)ÛˣĶĸṩ˿[11]
ΌW(xu)J(rn)鹫(qun)ʧǸĸԴ齛(jng)Дǣ(qun)иڅ(sh)^(du)ę(qun)^(du)،(do)¸ڡ(qun)ʧՓǹنTEÙ(qun).`(qun)ʹҎ(gu)tО[12](qun)cYԴһӣҲJ(rn)(hu)r(ji)ֵһنTֱƿع(qun)nj(sh)Hϵę(qun)YԴ.˻نTġ(jng)(j)ˡO(sh)пܲȡОҲܞõijЩ~ĺ̎M(jn)СVϛ](yng)ę(qun)Ƽs؞ԼĸОГ(dn)(yng)؟(z)Σ˸(g)(ni)[13]
еČW(xu)J(rn)(gu)c(hu)P(gun)ϵ⌧(do)¸(li)SЈ(chng)(jng)(j)IJl(f)չ(hu)IJM(jn)һxϵ(hu)Ї(gu)ѽ(jng)rΣ߀h(yun)h(yun)(qing)߀δɞ錦(du)(yng)ڇ(gu)ҵһ(g)(sh)wڬF(xin)AδڲҷEDZȻ?yn)鹫?hu)o(w)(du)ОM(jn)Џ(qing)ıO(jin)ĻՓ߈(jin)ָĻՓJ(rn)ijЩr(ji)ֵʧ(do)¸ĻvʷTԭͬ(hu)L(fng)(x)TОҎ(gu)F(xin)ͬ@ЩǸ(gu)̶ȼNͬԭһNՓ{(dio)J(rn)Ї(gu)|(g)^(q)Ăy(tng)ĻmȻĻQՓ(du)ጸķʮЧĻױEÞ鸯Ľ
W(xu)ҺW(xu)߃AڏنT½ጸ@ĂȰ(g)ˌҲ(hu)档(g)˞XȸNܶɌ(du)ԼҪڵԸʉ䣻
y(tng)(hu)r(ji)ֵ^ܵՓϵкЈ(chng)(jng)(j)ě_ǰΣC(j)cF(xin)Ј(chng)(jng)(j)m(yng)Ăr(ji)ֵwϵδι̵ؘ(li)Y(ji)dzF(xin)˃r(ji)ֵʧ¼sľF(xin)ô˙C(j)(hu)E(li)¸Փm÷VЧһֱܵ|(zh)
еČW(xu)߀̽ӑԭ?q)¸Ŀ繫?w)ˆTн̫ĿǰˆTYˮƽ^(gu)ͬОʢдijN(lin)ϵ@ѱ(sh)CYCеČW(xu)ߏĹ(w)ˆTȥھijJ(rn)D(zhun)ڽ(jng)(j)wĶԪʹùTЈ(chng)(hu)ʧȥ˂y(tng)(hu)ΨҪ(d)ĵλa(chn)ϵʧҲ˷Q顰(du)ZС[14]@ͳɞ鸯ОԴ
3.4 ƸČ(du)
3.4.1 ڽ(jng)(j)I(lng)
Ľ(jng)(j)wƵĺ^Ӵοb(gu)Ľ(jng)(yn)(jng)(j)I(lng)ƸĸL(zhng)h(yun)֮Ӌ(j)ҪЈ(chng)(jng)(j)wƵƺͰl(f)չʹЈ(chng)ɞ(hu)YԴҪ÷ʽͨ^(gu)(chung)칫ƽ(jng)(zhng)Ј(chng)(jng)(j)h(hun)(jng)(j)wе©PF(xin)Ĝش(j)(jng)(j)W(xu)Փڸ(jng)(zhng)Ј(chng)wϵУͨ^(gu)r(sh)g{(dio)(ji)͌gĸ(jng)(zhng)еĽ(jng)(j)(sh)pٻ[15]Ј(chng)Ҏ(gu)tĽc\(yn)У(hu)pنTČОˣЈ(chng)ĸ(jng)(zhng)ڱC(jng)(j)l(f)չļĶpA(y)Tl(f)Ŀ
ڽ(jng)(j)I(lng)^ҪЈ(chng)(jng)(j)wƵƣm(yng)Ј(chng)(jng)(j)Ҫ^(jng)(j)A(ch)Č(du)ĿǰЈ(chng)(jng)(j)wķ֣ȾҪƣa(chn)(qun)Y(ji)(gu)ҕo(gu)(ni)ⲻͬ|(zh)I(y)Թƽć(gu)Ͱl(f)չh(hun)ӏ(qing)ͬ͵Ľ(jng)(j)wĸ(jng)(zhng)pٲֽ(jng)(j)wĿD(zhun)Q(gu)I(y)(jng)I(yng)C(j)ƣF(xin)I(y)ƶc҇(gu)a(chn)ˮƽm(yng)(jng)I(yng)ؓ(f)ӯ̝ҼsҰl(f)չЈ(chng)(jng)(zhng)wЈ(chng)Ҏ(gu)t(jng)(j)Ч棬ͨ^(gu)⡱ȥ\ͳɞ^(jng)(j)A(ch)c(din)ͨ^(gu)M(jn)˳Ј(chng)Ч(jng)(zhng)ʹ(gu)ҙ(qun)Th(yun)xЈ(chng)_ʹ(gu)Һ^{(dio)صĽ(jng)(j)ʹYԴMę(qun)Ŀ½ų(li)Ј(chng)ȥ@ӲҊ֡cҊ֡oͬ{(dio)(ji)ȴM(jn)(jng)(j)sʹĿԱƵ
ڽ(jng)(j)I(lng)^Ҫͨ^(gu)ƶȄ(chung)(gu)ⸯƶwϵڼӿNƸƶwC(j)ƽͬr(sh)CF(xin)к½ƶȵЧ\(yn)ҪָǣӿƶȄ(chung)µ˼·mȻSW(xu)ᳫÿ(xing)ƶȶܴȱҲTl(f)Ŀƶƶȵͬr(sh)Ҫ]ڌ(sh)пܳF(xin)ĸN©ܱ@Ŀ(j)µĄ(dng)a(b)O(sh)Ӌ(j)Ĵʩ͌(du)[16]
ĿǰW(xu)hҪƶУ1ŔƶЈ(chng)(jng)(j)еҪ֮һͨ^(gu)cɞ鸂(jng)(zhng)ƶҎ(gu)t(g)(jng)(j)(dng)w(chung)칫_ƽ(jng)(zhng)ĭh(hun)Ј(chng)(jng)(j)Ч\(yn)D(zhun)Ŕ(du)Ј(chng)(jng)(zhng)ȫһNA(y)ͨ^(gu)һҎ(gu)I(y)ŔЈ(chng)ОֹI(y)ò(dng)(jng)(zhng)ֶΡγɉŔTԭƷɱ(yu)(sh)Ҏ(gu)ģ(jng)(j)ҪԭƶϵϵKƶS̺YԴҪM(jn)ijЩ^(q)ijЩИI(y)Ј(chng)ȡ(jng)(j)ؙ(qun)c(yu)ߣS^(q)I(y)cƽ(jng)(zhng)ǼmИI(y)֮L(fng)α֮g(sh)Ƶ^(q)cИI(y)Ŕ(sh)ƽȸ(jng)(zhng)ȿԴM(jn)ɢ֕(hu)Ƚ(hu)׳ɱ2ɢC(j)ơһuC(j)ƣuʽ^(gu)̹_(jng)(zhng)(chung)՚w(gu)(k)繫_uЃʹó܇(zh)M(jn)SCa(chn)(jng)I(yng)SCc(din)(xing)Ŀc(din)a(chn)SY(gu)еخa(chn)ռÙ(qun);oYȵ
Ͷ(bio)C(j)ƣИ(bio)Ͷ(bio)ķʽа̽O(sh)(xing)Ŀُ(gu)ͷخa(chn)_l(f)(xing)ĿŽ^VTؿ۵Ȍ(dng)o(w)ՓD(zhun)͕r(sh)ڌ(du)ĸS(qun)ԇc(din)ķ͇(gu)I(y)a(chn)(qun)ؽM߀Ǹĸɺ(du)(gu)Юa(chn)(qun)Ľ횹_Ј(chng)ŗʽȡنT(du)a(chn)(qun)Ķr(ji)(qun)
ǽȫҪЈ(chng)cI(y)a(chn)(qun)Ј(chng)Ԍ(sh)F(xin)(jng)صÓ^[18]
3.4.2 I(lng)
ҪM(jn)wƸĸӿD(zhun)׃ܡЈ(chng)(jng)(j)µD(zhun)׃ǜpОĸʩ_ܷʹĽ(jng)(j)^{(dio)^{(dio)D(zhun)׃{(dio)ֶ(yng)l(f)׃ܶنTԙ(qun)\˽ʹF(xin)õЧƣ
ƶȄ(chung)˼·l(f)]ƶȵıO(jin)sãͬr(sh)ӿP(gun)ƶȺʹʩij_(ti)ӴĴȡ
1ƙ(qun)O(jin)ƼsC(j)Ҏ(gu)ͼsˆT(qun)ʹ
еıO(jin)wӏ(qing)ɱO(jin)C(j)P(gun)˾C(j)P(gun)ĵλ(d)ԣͽȫķɺͷҎ(gu)ʹنTQ(mo)ȻȡО顣ڬF(xin)AҪͨ^(gu)ӿưʺͼӴܑͳɱ@Ǯ(dng)ǰ΄(sh)¶ƺıȻxĿǰُ(gu)Sɷij_(ti)̷͡ӆЇ(gu)ƷɷشM(jn)չ
(qing)(hu)O(jin)e(bo)ϵy(tng)Ą(l)ͱo(h)Ⱥe(bo)ОO(jin)C(j)(dng)T(hu)U(ku)(li)Դ
M_(ti)P(gun)(c(din)̎xһ(y))
Գְl(f)]?sh)Փã?br>O(jin)Խb۵ƶȺO(jin)ƶO(jin)Ч
ԡh(ni)O(jin)l͡h(ni)o(j)̎֗lij_(ti)C(j)eP(gun)hҪI(lng)(do)ɲxκ؟(z)ƶȵȵĽ^m(x)ƺ䌍(sh)h(ni)O(jin)Ŀǰмo(j)ί(sh)еĸ(j)ѲҕTƶԼ(du)(gu)ҙC(j)P(gun)vo(j)zO(jin)C(j)(gu)M(jn)нy(tng)һԇc(din)M(jn)һl(f)]ҪıO(jin)á
^m(x)(w)_ƶȣ߹(qun)(dng)^(gu)̵ֹ(qun)ķǹ\(yn)ͬr(sh)l(f)]f(xi)O(jin)F(tun)MO(jin)(g)˱O(jin)ʽƶ_ăr(ji)ֵ䣨M(fi)Yϡa(chn)YJȣҎ(gu)_з(qun)ęC(j)(gu)(qun)(dng)(j)
Q߹_ CijP(gun)湫_Ҋ
M(jn)QQ{뷨ƻƶȻҎ(gu)
_ؔ(ci)A(y)c(sh)H_֧
2ȫй(w)TƶƵĹˆT(hu)ƶ߹(w)Tн(hu)λC(gu)ҹ(w)T(du)
ҪP(gun)ڹ(w)Txo˵ȵһϵƶȣԇƣ
ر
(j)ƣ
ֹ(jng)̺ٛ(zng)ʹ֮m(yng)F(xin)(hu)a(chn)ҪنTĹYʹ֮_(d)ƫˮƽͬr(sh)DYYa(b)N{빤Y(ni)ʹ(sh)︣؛Ż
A(y)Y𣬶Ž^Լw(chung)՞̖(ho)ġy
B(yng)ϱU(xin)ƶȣҎ(gu)ܵĹنTB(yng)ϱU(xin)ȫȡӏ(qing)½߹(w)TĵõĹ(w)T|(zh)cƷă(ni)ڼ(l)
3ӿ(qun)O(jin)cƼsƶȵоƶ͌(sh)ʩͨ^(gu)(qun)ֽƶ(qing)(qun)(dng)Ą(dng)B(ti)sC(j)ơ(du)(qun)Y(ji)(gu)m(dng)ֽͺ{(dio)һ(g)Tһ(g)λ(g)ؓ(f)؟(z)(xing)ܸĞؓ(f)؟(z)һ(xing)ֹ(qun)^(gu)ּСĿǰеġ֡ĸԇc(din)o(w)ɴ_@һƶȸĸĻ
λƶU(ku)ķӋ(j)M(jn)I(lng)(do)ɲڵ^(q)֮gT֮g^(q)cT֮g¼(j)C(j)P(gun)֮gĽ
ؔ(ci)a(chn)(bo)xΌӋ(j)ƶλҪؓ(f)؟(z)λ(ni)̎λć(gu)ҹˆTǰg(bo)Լؔ(ci)a(chn)xκҲҪP(gun)T(du)ͥؔ(ci)a(chn)M(jn)Ї(yn)Ӌ(j)Y(ji)ҪԹ
؟(z)ƶ(l)C(j)ɱO(jin)wϵљ(qun)؟(z)ЙC(j)ؽY(ji)(li)ӏ(qing)O(jin)ͿƼsEÙ(qun)Ȟ^О飬ʹ(qun)\(yn)м{܉
4֑θĸ߉B(ti)(sh)ӴنTľCϳɱp丯Ą(dng)C(j)(j)ֽ(jng)(j)W(xu)ߵоlƵǰľCϳɱԽߣϵĺ|(zh)ϵģl(f)F(xin)͑εĸԽنTĿԾԽС^m(x)ִĸ{(dio)ˑB(ti)߹نTĸɱͱl(f)F(xin)ĿĶmنTĸA(y)ڣpСl(f)l
3.4.3(hu)I(lng)
(hu)ýwֹеpF(xin)ʮҪ@һc(din)ѽ(jng)ȡÇ(gu)Hҵһ¹R(sh)(j)Ŀǰ(gu)(ni)W(xu)ߵоЇ(gu)(hu)rѽ(jng)F(xin)߀ҪѴ(yng)ҕ(hu)İl(f)չӿMNGOѴ(qing)c(du)ԒՄеʹ(hu)ýwɞЈ(chng)֮ĵNشQ֮ǰe C߈(zh)^(gu)|(zh)ԃƶȣЧذl(f)](hu)ąͱO(jin)
ᳫɣӏ(qing)˱ýݛՓO(jin)ýwƸķʽSN¶نTˆTƄ(dng)ٷC(j)(gu)M(jn){(dio)顢߇(gu)ҷĹЧͺϷ(hu)γٗaKĹݛՓٸĸa(chn)ķɺҎ(gu)ʹP(gun)C(j)(gu)Ѹٻؑ(yng)ˣl(f)]ýwÌ(du)ڶƸ
ӏ(qing)ýwõľwʩҪУ1ӏ(qing)(du){(dio)鸯F(xin)ӛߵıo(h)ڈ(bo)F(xin)֮}_(bo)(f)
2_(sh)Ϣͨͨ^(gu)Ҏ(gu)̎@ȡϢҪĕr(sh)g܉_ϢNȣ
3ӏ(qing)ýw؟(z)ԺҼsҎ(gu)t(du)M(jn)P(gun)Ӗ(xn)
3.4.4˼ĻI(lng)
SƶȽ(jng)(j)W(xu)ďVڸоI(lng)ˏijҎ(gu)ʽƶȷM(jn)з֮⣬÷ʽƶȷ҇(gu)ⱬF(xin)оɹҲѽ(jng)F(xin)W(xu)dȤҪоʽǡܛ(qun)ʽsҎ(gu)tЇ(gu)ĿǰĬF(xin)(li)ʽƶe˼ĻI(lng)L(zhng)ڴڵR(sh)ΑB(ti)r(ji)ֵ^L(fng)(x)TɸF(xin)dӲ^L(zhng)h(yun)̵ԭˣӏ(qing)(du)ˆT˼½C(du)еĄA(j)R(sh)Ya(chn)A(j)ĸ˼׃Tڵ̎ӹx(du)(jng)(zhng)ȺwR(sh)λxȷʽƶwĿgӏ(qing)γɌ(du)ڸă(ni)s
(du)نTM(jn)Ъ(jing)(l)얹䱣ă(ni)ڄ(dng)
Ҫõ(hu)L(fng)ȫ(hu)γɅᳫķՇ
3.4.5ڇ(gu)H
ӏ(qing)(gu)H(jng)(yn)C(j)Ƶȣӏ(qing)(wn)}оM(jn)Ϣͨ͜(gu)Hķ(zhng)ṩƽ_(ti)Ї(gu)Ŀǰrڇ(gu)Hӏ(qing)ĺѽ(jng)~(sh)|(zh)Բ^c(lin)χ(gu)_l(f)Ӌ(j)(lin)_չЇ(gu)O(sh)(xing)Ŀ֮2003꺞˴(gu)нM﹫sͷ(gu)HsSЇ(gu)(gu)H_M(jn)һӿ죬ӏ(qing)ͬ(gu)HMTransparency International(lin)ϵͨ^(gu)а͡VаY(ji)M(jn)Ҳ،M(jn)M(jn)̡
4 Y(ji)Փ
(j)PJ(rn)F(xin)AЇ(gu)W(xu)縯оҪc(din)ǣоͻ˂y(tng)оʽ`VW(xu)Ƶоɹͷ
оc(din)ڸĶxͷ(du)оԷǶīI(xin)оʽ
оx}(du)һ(du)ijЩF(xin)(sh)I(lng)P(gun)ע^٣
ȱԭʼYϵռ(du)F(xin){(dio)c
(sh)Փע؏đ(yng)ȻQ(wn)}^c(din)ͽY(ji)Փsȱ(sh)H(sh)(j)ֵ֧
ĸоҪ]U(ku)оI(lng)M(jn)һ(x)оx}ӿ쌦(du)ijЩl(f)lʸӰ푴^P(gun)עI(lng)罨µȵĸоČccýͷMڷеĸcȽǶо(zhng)ȡ(sh)HЧijɹ
׃оʽ^(gu)چһĠrC\(yn){(dio)о(sh)оīI(xin)оȷ
?q)HͬF(xin)עصһֲϵռc(qing)оЌ(sh)Cı
P(gun)ע(gu)HM(gu)W(xu)ߵĸоrՓ(dng)B(ti)P(gun)ߵӏ(qing)c(gu)HMTI(jng)(j)cl(f)չMOECDȵĽf(xi)̽ӑ
עጣ
ٱĵĽy(tng)Ӌ(j)²ӛBcLI(lng)(do)vԒW(xu)g(sh)ӑՓCW(xu)g(sh)ӛu(png)SPț]Ї(yn)ʽ£
ͷc(wn)}P(gun)ϵָcη(wn)ĸ_ţwƸĸͽ(jng)(j)wƸĸ_l(f)(hu)l(f)չش^(wn)}֮gP(gun)ϵ
I(y)I(lng)ķָC(j)P(gun)ܲT猏Ӌ(j)Cȯȵķ
(gu)ҵĵ^(q)ͽ(jng)(yn)ҲwЇ(gu)
(dng)Ї(gu)I(lng)(do)˷˼Ҫ(gu)ڵëɖ|ĸ_ŕr(sh)ڵСƽ˵˼
ķc(din)wĬF(xin)@һe
(du)h(hun)(ji)ľCՓָ֏ĸĶxӰ(du)ߵȫλM(jn)Փ]@ƫصՓ
2003Փֻy(tng)Ӌ(j)7·
ڽy(tng)Ӌ(j)ՓIJо(gu)Һ͵^(q)(jng)(yn)
bڇ(gu)(ni)SW(xu)īI(xin)M(jn)еġԷ܇(yn)؝M(hu)ƌW(xu)ՓϡоҪ鱣Cĵķ(yn)֔(jn)ڷϛ]вձĶc֣֮Dz˶cǶ֮
۾CָՓďĶӵĽǶȥעⸯͷ]@ƫصČW(xu)ƃA
y(tng)Ӌ(j)ՓIJо(gu)Һ͵^(q)(jng)(yn)¡
(li)ԴW(xu)(bo)
c(din)x